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Demographic history of Bačka
This is demographic history of Bačka. This article contains data from various population censuses conducted in the region of Bačka during the history. Censuses from 1715 to 1910 contain data about population of the entire Bačka, while censuses from 1921 to 2002 contain data about population of the Yugoslav/Serbian part of Bačka.
==Overview==
Before the Hungarian conquest in the 10th century, Bačka was mainly populated by Slavs 〔Andrija Bognar, Položaj Mađara u Vojvodini od 1918. do 1995., Međunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistočna Europa 1918.-1995.", Zadar, 28.-30. rujna 1995.〕 and Avars. There is a dispute whether remains of ethnic Avars still lived in the region in the time of Hungarian conquest or they were already assimilated by more numerous Slavs.〔Peter Rokai - Zoltan Đere - Tibor Pal - Aleksandar Kasaš, Istorija Mađara, Beograd, 2002, pages 14-15.〕 In the 11-15th centuries, the region had mostly Hungarian population with Slavic ethnic islands.〔Károly Kocsis, Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi, Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications LLC, 1998, p. 138-139 (Fig. 34.) ()〕 During Hungarian rule, the native Slavic population mostly lost its Slavic language and culture and was assimilated into Hungarians.〔Lazar Stipić, Istina o Mađarima, Novi Sad - Srbinje, 2004.〕 Since the 14th century, Slavic Serbs started to migrate to this region from Balkans. In the outset of the 16th century, before the Ottoman conquest, the largest part of population of Bačka were Hungarians, and the smaller part of population were Slavs. After the Ottoman conquest, most of the Hungarian and Catholic Slavic population fled from the area, and new Orthodox settlers (Serbs, Vlachs, etc.) as well as many Muslims of various ethnic origins settled in the area. During Ottoman rule, the region was mainly populated by Serbs, who were in an absolute majority () and who mostly lived in villages, while cities were populated by various Muslim and Christian ethnic groups including Serbs, Turks, Roma, Greeks, Cincars, Arabs, Bosniaks, as well as Jews. During the Habsburg rule, in the 17th and 18th century, new wave of Serb settlers came to the area. During the 18th and 19th century, Hungarian, German, and other (Slovak, Rusyn, etc.) settlers were brought to the area, which thus became ethnically mixed, with a population composed mostly of Serbs, Hungarians, and Germans. Hungarian settlers mostly originated from Upper Hungary, especially from those counties that were not under Ottoman rule.〔D. J. Popović, Slika Vojvodine u 18. veku, Zbornik "Vojvodina", knjiga 2, Fototipsko izdanje, PROMETEJ, Novi Sad, 2008, page 89.〕 There is dispute whether some of these Hungarians were descendants of pre-Ottoman Hungarian population of Bačka. When Austrians conquered Bačka and tried to determine private land ownership in the region, the only Hungarians that were able to prove that their ancestors owned land in Bačka were members of Cobor family, who proved their ownership rights over town of Baja.〔D. J. Popović, Plemstvo, Zbornik "Vojvodina", knjiga 2, Fototipsko izdanje, PROMETEJ, Novi Sad, 2008, page 112.〕 In early 20th century, Bačka was ethnically mixed with relative Hungarian linguistic plurality. During 20th century (after 1918), many South Slavic colonists from other parts of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Muslims by nationality, etc.) settled in the area, mainly after 1945 and between 1991-1996.
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